HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS ANEMIA IBU HAMIL DENGAN DERAJAT ASFIKSIA PADA BAYI BARU LAHIR DI RUANG BERSALIN RUMAH SAKIT WIJAYA KUSUMA LUMAJANG

Abstract

Maternal anemia remains a common health problem during pregnancy and may adversely affect both the fetus and the newborn, one of which is neonatal asphyxia. Reduced hemoglobin levels in pregnant women decrease oxygen delivery to the fetus, thereby increasing the risk of impaired respiratory adaptation after birth. Neonatal asphyxia is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality; therefore, identifying risk factors associated with this condition is essential. This study aimed to determine the correlation between maternal anemia status during pregnancy and the degree of asphyxia in newborns at the Delivery Room of Wijaya Kusuma Hospital, Lumajang. This study employed a correlational design with a retrospective approach. The study population consisted of anemic pregnant women who delivered newborns with asphyxia. A total of 42 respondents were selected using a non-probability sampling method with a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected from observation sheets and medical records and were analyzed using Spearman's rho correlation test. The results showed that most pregnant women had moderate anemia, accounting for 20 respondents (47.6%), while most newborns experienced mild asphyxia, accounting for 21 cases (50.0%). Spearman's rho correlation analysis revealed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.588 with a significance value of p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a statistically significant  correlation between maternal anemia status and the degree of neonatal asphyxia.The more severe the maternal anemia, the higher the degree of asphyxia experienced by the newborn. These findings are consistent with the theory that decreased maternal hemoglobin levels reduce the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity, leading to intrauterine hypoxia and increasing the risk of neonatal asphyxia.